Correction, Retraction, and Removal Policy

Journal of Elementary Education and Learning Science (JEELS) is committed to maintaining the integrity of the scientific record. Therefore, the journal follows the COPE guidelines for handling cases of corrections, retractions, and editorial expressions of concern.

1. Corrections A correction notice will be issued if a significant error is found in a published article that does not invalidate the main findings of the research (e.g., errors in author names, affiliations, or minor mathematical/statistical errors). JEELS will publish a "Corrigendum" (if the error is from the author) or an "Erratum" (if the error is from the journal).

2. Retractions A retraction will be considered if:

• There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of major error, fabrication, or falsification.

• The findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper attribution (redundant publication).

• The article constitutes plagiarism or unethical research.

• The retraction notice will clearly state who is retracting the article and the reasons for the retraction to distinguish between honest error and misconduct.

3. Article Removal In extremely rare circumstances (e.g., if an article is defamatory, violates personal privacy, or poses a significant legal risk), JEELS reserves the right to remove the metadata and PDF. A notice will be posted stating that the article has been removed for legal reasons.